Trill Consonant
In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the place of articulation. Standard Spanish <rr (digraph)> as in perro is an alveolar trill, while in Parisian French it is almost always uvular trill.
Trills are very different from flap consonant. Whereas with a flap (or tap), a specific gesture is used to strike the active articulator against the passive one, in the case of a trill the articulator is held in place, where the airstream causes it to vibrate. Usually a trill vibrates for 2-3 periods, but may be up to 5, or even more if geminate consonant. However, trills may also be produced with only a single period. While this might seem like a flap, the articulation is different; trills will vary in the number of periods, but flaps do not.
Trill consonants included in the International Phonetic Alphabet:
- - alveolar trill
- - bilabial trill
- - uvular trill
The bilabial trill is uncommon. The coronal trill is most frequently alveolar consonant , but dental consonant and postalveolar consonant articulations and also occur. A retroflex trill found in Toda language has been transcribed (that is, the same as the retroflex flap), but might be less ambiguously written . One other trill has been reported, an epiglottal trill. Epiglottal consonants are often allophone trilled, and in some languages the trill is the primary realization of the consonant. There is no official symbol for this in the IPA, but occasionally will be used. There are also vowels accompanied by epiglottal trill, called strident vowel.
The box for the velar place of articulation is shaded. A velar consonant trill is impossible because the middle of the tongue cannot vibrate in the correct manner at the velar place of articulation because there is not enough freedom for it to move. A glottal consonant trill is quite similarly not possible.
The Czech language has two contrastive alveolar trills (written as ř and r in the orthography). In one of these (ř) the tongue is raised, so that there is audible fricative consonant during the trill, sounding rather like a simultaneous and . A symbol for this sound, , has been dropped from the IPA. It is now generally transcribed as a raised r, .
Liangshan (Cool Mountain) Yi language has two "buzzed" or fricative vowels, written , which may also be trilled, .
The Chapacura-Wanham languages language Wari’ language and the Muran languages language Pirahã language have a very unusual trilled phoneme, a voiceless dental bilabially trilled affricate .
The linguolabial consonant trill is not much used phonemically, but is virtually synonymous with blowing a raspberry.
See also
- List of phonetics topics
- Bronx cheer
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